What to do in a natural disaster

Though Canada may not have volcanic eruptions or monsoon rains, federal data shows that our country still averages about a dozen natural disasters a year, including tornadoes and floods. Here's how to ensure you're ready when bad weather hits.

Experts say the number of natural disasters will increase as climate change prompts more extreme weather—and it’s important for Canadians to be prepared. “Disasters are more common, and when they do happen, they’re bigger,” says Joshua Bezanson, a physician and the host of the podcast Emergency Preparedness in Canada (EPIC). “Just playing the odds, it’s increasingly likely that you will be directly affected.”

There are four types of extreme weather you may encounter in Canada.

Floods

As flooding is the most common natural disaster in the country, Jim Montgomery of the non-profit group Community Disaster Response Ontario recommends putting well guards around your basement windows. He also suggests installing both a sump pump, which prevents water from pooling in your basement, and a backflow valve, which blocks sewage from entering your house. If flooding is imminent, move your furniture, valuables and family keepsakes above ground level. Do not attempt to turn off your home's electricity if the water is rising, as this could result in a fatal shock.

Tornadoes

The prairies and southwestern Ontario are especially fertile ground for twisters. If you live in a high-risk area, tune in to your local radio station during severe thunderstorms and pay attention to emergency alerts on your mobile device. If one hits and you're at home, take refuge in the basement, or if you don't have one, a small ground-floor room, like a bathroom. If you're in an apartment or office building, seek shelter in an inner hallway or a low-floor room. If you're driving, look for the nearest sturdy shelter. If there isn't one, leave your car and hide in a low-lying area, like a ditch.

Wildfires

Ice storms

Freezing rain is detrimental to the power grid. Too much, and it can topple trees and power lines, leading to blackouts that can last days or even weeks. If a severe storm is in the forecast, the Red Cross recommends preparing your emergency kit, and your chimney, generator, or battery pack, if you have one. Venture outside only if you have to. If you do, be on the lookout for downed power lines and wobbly tree branches.

Be proactive

Research hazards in your immediate area and conduct a risk assessment. The government has emergency preparedness websites that outline which neighbourhoods are prone to flooding, forest fires and other extreme weather conditions (getprepared.gc.ca). Develop an emergency plan tailored to your home and family. Refresh the plan twice a year, once in early winter and again in early summer, so you know what to do in every season.